Biodiversity emergence and maintaining Team leader: Nicolas Navarro Assistant: Stéphane Garnier The Evolution and Development axis focuses on the The EVO/DEVO approach is of particular interest for Various projects centred on three major aspects of development are included under this heading. Phylogenetic approaches, combined with ecological, Two groups of projects are identified under this heading. The aim of this research axis is to describe and Two major themes are included under this heading. With the ECO/EVO group With the SEDS group
Research
The
main research questions of the FED group concern biodiversity, its
implementation, diversification and maintenance, from the level of the
individual up to the clade, integrating various spatiotemporal scales of
analysis, and using several parameters to describe biodiversity
(morphology, taxonomy and genetics). There is considerable interaction
between the three main axes, focusing on specific domains: evolution and
development, differentiation and phylogeny, and biodiversity dynamics.1. Evolution and development
study of developmental processes at various taxonomical scales. Some
projects at the macroevolutionary scale concentrate on the role of
ontogenetic modifications on morphological expression and
macroevolutionary dynamics. Other projects concentrate on the study of
modularity and morphological integration at the clade scale, or at a
finer scale. The third group of projects is at the microevolutionary
scale, focusing on the study of mechanisms controlling development
stability. The morphometric approach, shared by all these projects, has
earned international recognition for the laboratory. The genetic facet
can also be integrated through external collaboration.
research questions at a macroevolutionary scale. The emergence of
large-scale organisational plans, the study of developmental
constraints, the structuring of morphological space or the use of the
temporal dimension of development in the understanding of divergences
between species (heterochronism), are themes which may now be
re-examined in the light of new morphometric approaches. More recently
EVO/DEVO has also endeavoured to answer questions about microevolution.
The characterisation of phenotypic variation and the understanding of
the processes that determine its origin and control are the focus of
this research.
– Biomineralisation and ontogenesis
model organisms: bivalves, crustaceans
– Morphological space and ontogenetic disparities
model organisms: extant and fossil cephalopods
model organisms: echinoderms, cephalopods, rodents
model organisms: sea urchins, ground beetles, fruit flies (Drosophila)2. Differentiation and phylogeny
geographical or behavioural information, allow the general causes of
differentiation to be studied. The task of obtaining well-resolved
phylogenies that are operational therefore seems primordial. These
diverse phylogenetic approaches are necessary to identify general
tendencies and to consider all the processes leading to specific
diversity among clades (the biodiversity dynamics axis).
The validity
of studies dealing with differentiation of populations, speciation and
phylogenetic relationships is heavily dependent on the quality and
quantity of morphological or genetic data. Defining a character or a
number of informative characters is a prerequisite to the study of the
evolutionary history of taxa, whether individuals within populations,
populations, subspecies or species. Estimating levels of differentiation
(e.g. morphological, genetic, karyological) between individuals or
populations remains a key problem. A general appreciation of the
mechanisms that induce differentiation, or, on the contrary, create
homogeneity in populations, is important for the understanding of how
diversity (genetic or morphological) is structured.
model organisms: rodents, sea urchins
What
do phylogenies reflect? Do the differences between taxa coincide with
specific events such as great environmental changes? How and in what
context do species become established?
How is the morphological pool of a species organised and what information can be gathered about events affecting its history?
model organisms: echinoderms, cephalopods3. Biodiversity Dynamics
analyse biodiversity dynamics on various spatiotemporal scales. More
specifically, this will mean the structuring of diversity
(morphological, genetic, or specific) with palaeoenvironmental
variations at local, regional and global scales. The contribution of
the temporal dimension to the study of evolutionary processes will then
allow the study of biodiversity fluctuations in periods of crises
(extinctions, migrations) and reconquest.
model organisms: molluscs
The
general aim will be to classify in families the proteins of calcifying
matrixes, depending on their primary structure but also their function
in mineralisation, and to propose a coherent model of carbonate
biomineralisation.
model organisms: rodents, molluscs, echinoderms
Projects
will seek to test various models of community response to environmental
change and will examine 1) collections of Jurassic and Cretaceous
invertebrates, 2) biodiversity and global change through the example of
Antarctic echinoids, and 3) the impact of climate change on biodiversity
and also on morphological and genetic evolutionary rhythms in voles.Interface projects
There will be three interface projects, one with the ECO/EVO team, the others with the SEDS team.
– Interactions between organisms: the impact of symbiotic associations on biodiversity in extreme environments.
– carbonate biomineralisation and organo-mineral diagenesis
– the LIAS project
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