Geoprospective and climate modelling of urban vegetation in a perspective of adaptation to heat waves: Dijon Métropole as a study case

Started in october 2020

Funding: doctoral grant

Supervisors: Yves Richard (Biogéosciences, CRC team), Thomas Thévenin (Laboratoire ThéMA, Dijon) & Julien Pergaud (Biogéosciences, CRC team)

Defense the 16 december 2024

Abstract

As a result of climate change, heat waves are increasing and intensifying. At the same time, more and more people live in cities where urban heat islands (UHI) are developing. Heat waves and combined UHI contribute to the emergence of health risks backed by thermal stress. France “discovered” this risk in 2003. Building on this experience, prevention policies have developed. But prevention is not enough and must be combined with policies to adapt to climate change. Town planning is to be re-examined. Choice of materials, colors, urban forms are to work. But, in terms of refreshment, the greatest potential lies in the greening of cities. The plants, by evapotranspiration, refresh the ambient air. Creating green spaces is favoring a cooling effect often called “Urban Freshness Island” (UFI). Faced with these challenges, urban planners are increasingly demanding tools to know where and how to plant vegetation at the metropolitan scale. It is therefore a question of having a systemic approach where one models the climate of the city by integrating the vegetated spaces and the scenarisation methods based on local needs. This approach is based on numerical modeling. With the SURFEX platform coupled to the MesoNH climate model developed by Météo France, we are first going to test the sensitivity of the model to a better description of urban vegetation. This first step assess the reference simulation. The application relates to Dijon Métropole which has a network of 72 temperature sensors essential for the validation of the control simulation of the model. The heat waves of 2020 demonstrated a drought that worsened during the summer that is an ideal study case to chel the impact of vegetation during heat waves at the city scale. The co-construction of green scenarios takes places into an european project called RESPONSE H2020 with Dijon’s local urban planners. After this work step, we suggest integrated methods for calculating fine-scale revegetation scenarios. These scenarios can then be tested and compared to the reference simulation. Particular attention is paid to UTCI and ICU values which make it possible to measure the impact of adding vegetation on temperatures at street scale.

Keywords

urban freshness island ; vegetalisation ; geoprospective ; climate modeling ; urban heat island ; heat waves

jury

Vincent Dubreuil, université Rennes 2 – reviewer
Valéry Masson, CNRM & Météo-Franc – reviewer
Julia Hidalgo, université Toulouse Jean Jaurès – examiner
Anne Puissant, université de Strasbourg – examiner
Thomas Thevenin, université de Bourgogne – supervisor
Yves Richard, université de Bourgogne – co-supervisor
Julien Pergaud, université de Bourgogne -, co-supervisor

extrait:

lien_externe:

titre:

Modélisation du cycle urbain de l'eau dans une perspective de changement climatique : application aux îlots de fraîcheur urbains de Dijon Métropole

date_de_debut_these:

octobre 2020

nom:

Poupelin

date_de_debut_these_numerique:

202010

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kc_raw_content:

Geoprospective and climate modelling of urban vegetation in a perspective of adaptation to heat waves: Dijon Métropole as a study case

Started in october 2020

Funding: doctoral grant

Supervisors: Yves Richard (Biogéosciences, CRC team), Thomas Thévenin (Laboratoire ThéMA, Dijon) & Julien Pergaud (Biogéosciences, CRC team)

Defense the 16 december 2024

 

Abstract

As a result of climate change, heat waves are increasing and intensifying. At the same time, more and more people live in cities where urban heat islands (UHI) are developing. Heat waves and combined UHI contribute to the emergence of health risks backed by thermal stress. France "discovered" this risk in 2003. Building on this experience, prevention policies have developed. But prevention is not enough and must be combined with policies to adapt to climate change. Town planning is to be re-examined. Choice of materials, colors, urban forms are to work. But, in terms of refreshment, the greatest potential lies in the greening of cities. The plants, by evapotranspiration, refresh the ambient air. Creating green spaces is favoring a cooling effect often called "Urban Freshness Island" (UFI). Faced with these challenges, urban planners are increasingly demanding tools to know where and how to plant vegetation at the metropolitan scale. It is therefore a question of having a systemic approach where one models the climate of the city by integrating the vegetated spaces and the scenarisation methods based on local needs. This approach is based on numerical modeling. With the SURFEX platform coupled to the MesoNH climate model developed by Météo France, we are first going to test the sensitivity of the model to a better description of urban vegetation. This first step assess the reference simulation. The application relates to Dijon Métropole which has a network of 72 temperature sensors essential for the validation of the control simulation of the model. The heat waves of 2020 demonstrated a drought that worsened during the summer that is an ideal study case to chel the impact of vegetation during heat waves at the city scale. The co-construction of green scenarios takes places into an european project called RESPONSE H2020 with Dijon's local urban planners. After this work step, we suggest integrated methods for calculating fine-scale revegetation scenarios. These scenarios can then be tested and compared to the reference simulation. Particular attention is paid to UTCI and ICU values which make it possible to measure the impact of adding vegetation on temperatures at street scale.

 

Keywords

urban freshness island ; vegetalisation ; geoprospective ; climate modeling ; urban heat island ; heat waves

 

jury

Vincent Dubreuil, université Rennes 2 - reviewer
Valéry Masson, CNRM & Météo-Franc - reviewer
Julia Hidalgo, université Toulouse Jean Jaurès - examiner
Anne Puissant, université de Strasbourg - examiner
Thomas Thevenin, université de Bourgogne - supervisor
Yves Richard, université de Bourgogne - co-supervisor
Julien Pergaud, université de Bourgogne -, co-supervisor