Evolution of the performance of biological control programmes in vineyards using Trichogramma in the face of the combined effects of pesticides and global warming

Funding: French ministry of agriculture

Started in september 2022

Supervisors: Jérôme Moreau & Philippe Louâpre

Abstract

With the overall objective of maintaining yields, conventional agriculture uses large quantities of pharmaceutical products, most often from chemical synthesis. The many unintended effects of these pesticides (human health, environment, beneficial organisms) have led to a more controlled use of these products. In this context, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is increasingly valued, based on the application of several principles including the reduction of the use of pesticides and the development of new methods based on natural enemies. In vineyards, copper and sulphur pesticides are often used to control fungal diseases, including Organic Agriculture. However, these substances can potentially interfere with biological control methods based on the use of natural enemies that are also used in vineyards. The objective of the thesis is to evaluate the performance of inundative biological control methods based on the use of Trichogramma, when these beneficial insects are exposed directly (contact) or indirectly (trophic bioaccumulation) to copper and sulphur treatments, which are widely used in vineyards, including Organic Agriculture. The thesis also aims to predict the expected evolution of antagonistic effects between pesticides and biological control agents in the coming years in the context of global warming. In order to meet these objectives, the thesis will focus on one of the main grapevine pests, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its main oophageous parasitoids Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), by combining a laboratory and field approach. The responses of the protagonists to the multi-stress effects (temperature and pesticides) will enable to quantify and optimise the performance of biological control agents. In the long term, the thesis aims to propose recommendations for the use of biological control products in order to optimise their performance in the context of IPM.

Keywords

biological control, pesticides, global warming, Trichogramma, copper, sulphur

Advisory panel

Joan van Baaren, UMR 6553 Ecobio, université de Rennes 1, France
Véronique Martel, Ressources naturelles Canada, Centre de foresterie des Laurentides, Ste-Foy, Canada
François Moreau, French ministry of agriculture

extrait:

lien_externe:

titre:

Évolution de la performance des programmes de lutte biologique en vigne au moyen de trichogrammes face aux effets combinés des pesticides et du réchauffement climatique

date_de_debut_these:

septembre 2022

nom:

Nusillard

date_de_debut_these_numerique:

202208

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kc_raw_content:

Evolution of the performance of biological control programmes in vineyards using Trichogramma in the face of the combined effects of pesticides and global warming

Funding: French ministry of agriculture

Started in september 2022

Supervisors: Jérôme Moreau & Philippe Louâpre

 

Abstract

With the overall objective of maintaining yields, conventional agriculture uses large quantities of pharmaceutical products, most often from chemical synthesis. The many unintended effects of these pesticides (human health, environment, beneficial organisms) have led to a more controlled use of these products. In this context, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is increasingly valued, based on the application of several principles including the reduction of the use of pesticides and the development of new methods based on natural enemies. In vineyards, copper and sulphur pesticides are often used to control fungal diseases, including Organic Agriculture. However, these substances can potentially interfere with biological control methods based on the use of natural enemies that are also used in vineyards. The objective of the thesis is to evaluate the performance of inundative biological control methods based on the use of Trichogramma, when these beneficial insects are exposed directly (contact) or indirectly (trophic bioaccumulation) to copper and sulphur treatments, which are widely used in vineyards, including Organic Agriculture. The thesis also aims to predict the expected evolution of antagonistic effects between pesticides and biological control agents in the coming years in the context of global warming. In order to meet these objectives, the thesis will focus on one of the main grapevine pests, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and its main oophageous parasitoids Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), by combining a laboratory and field approach. The responses of the protagonists to the multi-stress effects (temperature and pesticides) will enable to quantify and optimise the performance of biological control agents. In the long term, the thesis aims to propose recommendations for the use of biological control products in order to optimise their performance in the context of IPM.

 

Keywords

biological control, pesticides, global warming, Trichogramma, copper, sulphur

 

Advisory panel

Joan van Baaren, UMR 6553 Ecobio, université de Rennes 1, France
Véronique Martel, Ressources naturelles Canada, Centre de foresterie des Laurentides, Ste-Foy, Canada
François Moreau, French ministry of agriculture